The Aryavarth Express
Agency(New Delhi): India has taken the global lead with an estimated population of 144.17 crore, surpassing China’s 142.5 crore, according to the UNFPA’s 2024 “State of World Population” report, titled “Interwoven Lives, Threads of Hope: Ending Inequalities in Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights.” This significant demographic milestone marks India as the most populous country, revealing deep-seated challenges and opportunities within its societal structure.
The report highlights that 24% of India’s population comprises children aged 0-14, with another 26% between 10 and 24 years old, showing a youthful demographic profile. The majority, 68%, falls within the working-age group of 15-64, while seniors aged 65 and above make up 7% of the populace. Gender-wise, life expectancy for Indian men stands at 71 years and 74 years for women.
In terms of health, the report acknowledges India’s progress over the past three decades in sexual and reproductive health, yet it points out the persistent neglect of the most marginalized communities. Despite a decrease in maternal mortality, which now accounts for 8% of global deaths, stark disparities remain within the country. Some districts have dramatically high maternal mortality ratios, underscoring the uneven access to healthcare.
Furthermore, the report addresses the broader social issues impacting reproductive health, such as the enduring prevalence of child marriage and gender-based violence, particularly against women with disabilities, who are up to ten times more vulnerable. The influence of socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and caste on health outcomes is profound, often exacerbating inequalities in access to care.
Environmental and social crises, including climate change and migration, disproportionately affect women, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. The report also emphasizes the necessity of legal protections to combat caste-based discrimination, which continues to hinder the social and economic stability of marginalized groups, such as the Dalits.
Dr. Natalia Kanem, UNFPA Executive Director, reflected on the achievements and ongoing challenges in the field. “In a generation, we’ve made notable progress in reducing unintended pregnancies and maternal deaths and in legislating against domestic violence. However, disparities in our health systems and societies are widening, and the journey towards equality is far from over,” she stated, advocating for sustained investment and global cooperation to bridge these gaps.