The Aryavarth Express
Agency (Bengaluru): Nestled in the heart of Lahore, Pakistan, lies a neighborhood with a captivating history that spans over four centuries. Heera Mandi, or the “Diamond Market,” has undergone a remarkable transformation from its origins as a royal entertainment hub to its current reputation as a red-light district. This article delves into the fascinating journey of Heera Mandi, exploring its cultural, musical, and social heritage.
During the Mughal era, the area now known as Heera Mandi was called Shahi Mohalla, or the “Royal Neighborhood.” It was a residential area developed for the attendants and servants of the royal court, located just south of the Lahore Fort. The neighborhood soon became home to tawaifs, highly skilled entertainers who performed mujra, a sensual dance popular in the royal courts of medieval India.
The tawaifs of Shahi Mohalla were not only exceptional dancers but also well-versed in music, etiquette, and the arts. They were considered symbols of sophistication and were highly sought after by the elite for their performances. The Mughal emperors and nobles patronized these talented women, and their presence at events was a mark of prestige.
One of the most famous stories associated with the tawaifs of Lahore is that of Anarkali, a courtesan who allegedly had a secret relationship with Prince Salim, the son of Emperor Akbar. According to legend, when the emperor discovered their affair, he ordered Anarkali to be entombed alive within a wall of the Lahore Fort. Although there is no historical evidence to support this tale, it has become a popular subject in literature, films, and folklore.
As the Mughal Empire weakened in the 18th century, Lahore faced invasions from the Afghans, who established brothels in the city. However, when the Sikhs rose to power under Maharaja Ranjit Singh in the early 19th century, they revived the tradition of royal patronage for the tawaifs. The neighborhood was renamed Heera Mandi during this period, with “heera” meaning “diamond,” possibly referring to the beauty and value of the tawaifs.
The British annexation of Punjab in 1849 brought about a significant change in the fortunes of Heera Mandi. The colonial administration did not support the tawaifs’ art, and many of these women were forced to turn to prostitution to sustain themselves. The neighborhood became known as a red-light district, catering to the British soldiers stationed nearby.
Despite the challenges, Heera Mandi continued to be a center for music and dance. Many renowned artists, such as Noor Jahan, Khurshid Begum, and Mumtaz, trace their roots to this neighborhood. The area was also home to several famous music schools, known as baithaks, where maestros would train aspiring musicians. The musical legacy of Heera Mandi is evident in the numerous legendary artists who once called this place home, and their influence continues to shape the cultural landscape of Lahore.
In the 20th century, Heera Mandi faced further challenges. During the presidency of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in the 1980s, there were attempts to eradicate the culture of mujras and sex work in the neighborhood. While these efforts were not entirely successful, they did lead to the relocation of many brothels to other parts of Lahore.
Today, Heera Mandi is a neighborhood that embodies a complex tapestry of history, culture, and social dynamics. While it is still known for its red-light activities, there is much more to this area than meets the eye. The neighborhood is famous for its vibrant street food scene, with numerous stalls and vintage restaurants offering delectable treats. The view from the rooftops of these establishments often includes the majestic Badshahi Mosque, a testament to the Mughal legacy that shaped Lahore.
Recent developments, such as the creation of Azadi Chowk and Greater Iqbal Park, have brought new life to the area, with green spaces and improved infrastructure. These changes have also opened up new possibilities for tourism, allowing visitors to explore the rich history and cultural heritage of Heera Mandi.
By Dr. Gyan Pathak